According to “How Shoes Are Made” by The Sneaker Factory, the most crucial feature in shoe design is not the pattern used for the shape and look of the shoe but the fundamental material from which the shoe is made. The five materials most commonly used in shoe production are leather, textiles, synthetics, rubber and foam.
1. Leather
Leather is flexible yet durable, as sturdy as it is supple. It’s elastic, so it can be stretched yet it resists tearing and abrasion. It’s a breathable material, and it insulates heat, helping to regulate temperature. This all makes leather shoes conform to the feet of the wearer like no other shoe material can. It’s no surprise, then, that leather is one of the most common materials that shoemakers use, particularly in making men’s dress shoes.
Drawbacks to leather shoes include:
- leather is expensive compared to other shoe materials
- leather is heavy
- leather can get very hot
- leather untreated can be vulnerable to water damage
Because leather comes from animal hide, leather shoes can also bear slight imperfections.
2. Textiles
Fabric is also quite commonly used for making shoes. Like leather, textiles are available in a wide array of colors and varieties. With textiles, the possible variations include different fibers, denier (or fabric weight), weaves and knits.
The most common textiles used for making shoes are:
- cotton
- polyester
- wool
- nylon
Textile shoes can also be found in rayon, lycra and polypropylene. One key advantage of textile shoes is their versatility in styles and designs. Each textile also has its own physical properties that must considered when choosing whether or not to own or wear it, such as variations in breathability, support and temperature control (ie. hotness or coolness).
3. Synthetics
Synthetic materials go by many different names– PU leather or simply PU, synthetic leather or simply synthetics– but they’re all the same in being man-made composites of two layers: an external surface adhered to a backing layer composed of polyester fibers. All types of synthetics used to make shoes are also the same in making for supportive yet affordable sports shoes. Like their textile counterparts, synthetic materials also come in a variety of colors and textures.
Factors in the composition of the two layers comprising synthetic materials, such as whether the polyester used for the backing is woven or non-woven, or the method of adhesion used, whether a wet or dry process, determine the quality and durability of the resulting synthetic. Lower quality synthetics may not have a perfectly smooth surface, even possibly showing creases and wrinkles.
The advantage of shoes made from synthetics is that they tend to be comparatively quite inexpensive for both the manufacturer and consumer as compared with other types of shoes.
Because the material is less durable than its leather and textile counterparts, however, synthetic shoes tend to degrade faster and need replacing more often.
4. Rubber
Rubber is most commonly used in shoes to make soles. While not the only material used to make outsoles, it is among the most popular in sports shoes, like running shoes and tennis shoes.
While most shoe rubber over the years has been made from polyester, a more environmentally-sound natural rubber is increasing in popularity as an alternative.
5. Foam
Foam is the most common material used to provide support in the uppers of shoes of all sorts, be they leather, textile, synthetic or even rubber. The different types of foam used for this purpose are innumerable, though they’re all generally divided into two categories: open and closed cell. All foam is made from plastic. In open cell foam, the material is permeable, allowing water and air to pass through; in closed cell foam, these open cells are sealed, preventing the gasses inside them from escaping.
Open cell foam, also known as KFF or KF foam, is made of polyurethane plastic and tends to be softer than closed cell foam. Open cell foam can often be found in the collars and tongues of shoes. There are many different types of open foam, the most open of which is reticulated foam, frequently used to create ventilation features in shoes.
Closed cell foam is a denser material commonly used to make shoe midsoles. Types of closed cell foam include polyurethane and polyethylene, EVA foam, Neoprene and Latex. Each type of closed cell foam features its own properties, such as waterproofness or elasticity.
Knowing the various materials most prevalent in shoes helps immensely in choosing the right shoes to match your needs at the time. Understanding the variations in type, considerations of quality and maintenance, and the prospective benefits and drawbacks of each type will help ensure that you wear every pair of shoes you buy with pride.
Thanks for the guidance coz am planning to start up one little shoe making project
i want to start a business of making shoes
It’s good
I am interested
Name it foot
Thank you so much for your guidance… I’m also planning to start up a shoe manufacturing project.
If you use the word coz in your sentence, it won’t be a very successful one.
actually Nyanzi Thomas will have a successful business as he will spend more time working on it and not adding rude comments to globally used abbreviations, and for your information…
you just got outsmarted by a 13 year old
Does anyone know any good shoe brand names i plan on making my own company of shoe selling.
I m a manufacturer of shoe…so tell me row material place in delhi…
I also need to start making shoe
I have a commercial to do about NIKE
I am trying to find out merits and demerits of using synthetics materials in producing surgical boots as well as natural materials in producing surgical boots.
By the time you get the materials , and the tools , you’d be in the price range of buying an established brand name mid grade shoe, but I admire your willingness to create your own shoe , CUZ it’s not the easiest process to embark on. Good luck, and cheers
Good day here. I want to start selling shoe materials. Can you recommend for me the tutorial that I can read that will put me through. Thanks God bless you.
Hello!
currently I’m designing shoes for down sydrome children. which kind of material is more suitable and preferable regarding to their medical condition?
Can I find shoe materials
So interested in craft show making but lack skills and funds any interested donor to support my nonprofit initiative to help 78% young people who are not employed. Thanks
i too am making a shoe company
I’m am also making shoe company